The largest patient population in many hospitals today is the elderly. Communication with the elderly is adversely affected by lack of understanding from the younger generation, coupled with the various physical, psychological and social changes that accompany aging. To communicate effectively with the elderly, we must first understand them. Here are a few points to consider the next time you find yourself talking with an elderly patient.

Background differences: The current cohort of elderly grew up in very different socio-economic and political environment than many of us. Many of the elderly experience economic deprivation, and received very little formal education; they have different experiences which have given them a unique set of ideals, values and expectations.

Physical changes:  some of the physical changes that affect communication with the elderly are loss of hearing and decline of visual acuity. Voice becomes weak, hoarse and tremulous; they may have to strain to be heard.

Psychological differences: the major psychological changes that impact communication with the elderly is the decline in memory (short–term especially) and the speed of information processing. Retirement and the resultant loss of income and social status may also affect older people psychologically. In our work oriented society retirees are seen as unproductive, incompetent and expendable. This could influence lack of desire to communicate. Bereavement and grief are also common in the elderly; loss of a loved one could lead to depression, irritability and withdrawal.

How should you communicate with the elderly?

·         Slow down-speak slowly and clearly; position yourself within the visual level of the listener. Always face the listener; try to minimize background noise. Stand at a distance of three to five feet and have light on your face-not behind you.

·         Maintain an open posture-do not cross your arms in front of you; appear open to questions. Rephrase misunderstood questions.

·         Lean forward-this gesture indicates a willingness to listen.

·         Verbal qualities-lower your voice; many elderly people have difficulty hearing high voices

·         Maintain eye contact-this is simple courtesy.

·         Address the person by name: “Hello Mr. Jones” this shows respect and lets the elderly person know you is addressing them.

·         Touch – do not be afraid to touch the persons arm gently to convey warmth and acceptance.